The upcoming discussion will update you about the differences between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
Epigeal Germination:
1. In this type of seed germination the cotyledons come out of the soil, e.g., Castor.
2. The cotyledons are brought out of the soil by the excessive growth of the hypocotyl.
3. The terminal region of the hypocotyl is curved to protect the plumule and cotyledons from friction of the soil.
4. The plumule remains enclosed and protected by cotyledons till it comes out of the soil.
5. The cotyledons become green and function as the first leaves of the seedling.
Hypogeal Germination:
1. The cotyledons remain inside the soil (e.g. Pea).
2. The hypocotyl does not elongate much. Instead, the epicotyl grows and takes the plumule above the soil.
3. The terminal part of the epicotyl is curved in order to reduce damage to plumule by friction from soil particles.
4. There is no such provision.
5. The cotyledons do not take part in photosynthesis.