The following points highlight the three types of nucleic acid probes. The probes are: 1. Oligonucleotide Probes 2. DNA Probes 3. RNA Probes. Type # 1. Oligonucleotide Probes: These are synthesized chemically as oligonucleotides based on the information available on the amino acid sequence of the protein of interest. These oligo nucleotides can be used as a probe the identification [...]
The sequence of a deoxyribonucleic acid DNA molecule can be elucidated using chemical or enzymatic methods. Chemical Method of DNA Sequencing: In 1997, Maxam and Gilbert of Harward University discovered this method. In this method, a DNA fragment to be sequenced is radiolabeled at one end of molecule (Fig. 13.15). After denaturation of DNA into single strand, bases are modified [...]
The following points highlight the five main enzymes that are to be used in DNA. The enzymes are: 1. Phosphatases 2. Taq Polymerase 3. Nucleases 4. Reverse Transcriptase 5. DNA Ligating Enzyme. Enzyme # 1. Phosphatases: Phosphatases (Alkaline) are glycoproteins with two identical subunits that hydrolytically remove phosphate groups from DNA molecule. Alkaline phosphatases are used to reduce unfeasible ligation [...]