Structural organization of chloroplast is signified by the presence of double membrane envelope and soluble phase, the stroma, and an internal membrane system, the thylakoids. Both thylakoid and stromal systems are committed for light reaction and carbon dioxide fixation respectively. Chloroplast attains diversified shapes. Higher plants exhibit lens shaped chloroplasts in their cytosol. The size measures anywhere between 5 and [...]
The following points highlight the three types of hormones which regulates the growth and development of plants. The hormones are: 1. Auxins 2. Cytokinins 3. Gibberellins. Hormone # 1. Auxins: Both naturally occurring and synthetic auxins are available and are widely used in cultures for clonal propagation work. Naturally occurring auxin is indole acetic acid (IAA). Synthetic ones are 2, [...]
In this article we will discuss about the process of cybrids production. These are cytoplasmic hybrids. In cybrids, nucleus of one parent and cytoplasm of both the parents constitute cytoplasmic hybrids. More precisely, cybrids can be accomplished by fusing protoplast derived from one of the parent plants with enucleated protoplast of other. Cybrids can also be obtained through various other [...]