The processed RNA molecules take part in protein synthesis with the help of ribosomes. All the three types of RNAs are involved in protein synthesis in the following main steps: (i) Activation of amino acids, (ii) Transfer of amino acid to tRNA, (iii) Initiation of protein synthesis, (iv) Elongation of the polypeptide chain. During the process of translation the genetic [...]
In this article we will discuss about the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The DNA of a microbial cell consists of genes, a few to thousands, which do not express at the same time. At a particular time only a few genes express and synthesize the desired protein. The other genes remain silent at this moment and [...]
The tRNA, mRNA and rRNA are involved in the process of transcription. However, an enzyme transcriptase i.e. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is required for the synthesis of RNA by using ribonucleotide triphosphates i.e ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP. Structure and function of RNA polymerase are described herewith. 1. RNA Polymerase: On a DNA template elongation of RNA chain at each step [...]