Several types of hypersensitive reactions can be identified, reflecting differences in the effector molecules generated in the course of the reaction. Gell and Coomb described four types of hypersensitivity reactions (Types I, II, III and IV). The first three types are antibody-mediated and the fourth type is mediated mainly by T-cell and macro-phases i.e. cell-mediated (Table 11.1 and 11.2; Fig. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the structure of cytokines with its suitable diagram. 1. Cytokines are proteins or glycoproteins which normally have a molecular mass of less than 30 KDa. 2. Structural predictions suggest that cytokines belong to haematopoietins, included in the haematopoietin family of interleukins (2-7, 9, 11-13 and 15) GM-CSF, G-GSF, leukomia- inhibitory factor (LIF) and [...]
TH cells play a central role in the immune response. These cells are specially prolific cytokine producers. Once activated by an antigen, they can use these chemical messengers to induce the formation of TC cells, activate macrophages and formation of many antibodies by B-cells. Functions of TH cell are as follows in the next page (Fig. 10.4): 1. An APC [...]