The following points highlight the top eight factors affecting venous return. The factors are: 1. Pressure Gradient 2. Vis-a-Tergo 3. Vis-a-Fronte 4. Skeletal Muscle Pump 5. Thoracic Pump 6. Abdominal Pump 7. Venomotor Tone 8. Posture and Gravity. Factor # 1. Pressure Gradient: The pressure in the right atria (central venous pressure) into which the superior and inferior vena cavae [...]
Cardiovascular system deals with study of heart and blood vessels. The human heart is made up 4 chambers namely; 2 atria and 2 ventricles. Atria are thin-walled chambers. Right atrium receives venous blood from peripheral parts of body. The venous blood is brought to right atrium by superior and inferior vena cavae. Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from lungs. This [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Cardiac Cycle 2. Duration of Cardiac Cycle 3. Phases. Meaning of Cardiac Cycle: SA node, the pacemaker has the property of automaticity and rhythmicity. Because of this, it produces action potentials, which spread all along the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers. This in turn brings about depolarization and repolarization. Following [...]