In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Internal Jugular Vein 2. Relations of Internal Jugular Vein 3. Tributaries 4. Applied Anatomy. Introduction to Internal Jugular Vein: It is main venous channel of head and neck. Receives blood from brain, face and neck. Extent of Internal Jugular Vein: Begins at the base of skull in the jugular foramen [...]
The heart normally contracts at a regular rhythm and the rate varies according to age and state of physical activity. Irregularity of rhythm or heart-rate too fast or too slow beyond physiological range is called cardiac arrhythmia or dysrhythmia. The muscular contraction of the heart is initiated by electrical impulses spontaneously generated by a specialised group of cells situated in [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Cardiac Output 2. Alterations in Cardiac Output 3. Factors 4. Measurement. Meaning of Cardiac Output: Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and stroke volume. The heart rate is simply the number of heart-beats per minute, [...]