In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Cardiac Output 2. Determination of Cardiac Output 3. Regulation. Definition of Cardiac Output: Cardiac output is defined as volume of blood pumped out per ventricle per minute (Table 3.9). Right ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary circulation and during the same time an identical volume of blood is also pumped out [...]
Normal heart rate is about 60-90 beats per minute. On an average, the rate at which the heart beats is about 75 per minute. It depends on the balanced activity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve influence that are acting on it. Heart rate can be increased because of either an increased activity of sympathetic nerve fibers or a decreased [...]
In this article we will discuss about the meaning and significance of electrocardiogram recording. Meaning of Electrocardiogram Recording (ECG/EKG): Pacemaker of the heart automatically and rhythmically gets depolarized and repolarized. This inturn depolarizes and repolarizes both atrial and ventricular muscle fibers. The potential changes produced can be recorded by placing pair of electrodes over the myocardium itself or suitable points [...]