Two types of vectors are used for the introduction of foreign genes into plant cells. Among them, the Ti-plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and a few plant viruses such as caulimoviruses and geminiviruses are the most important ones. Vector # 1. Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Ti Plasmids: Plants cells do not contain natural plasmids that can be utilised as cloning vectors. However, the [...]
The cloning of single genes is usually best carried out using plasmids, since the insert will rarely be larger than about 2 kb. However, for cloning of larger pieces of DNA (e.g., during gene library construction) these plasmids are not suitable as larger inserts increase the plasmid size, making the transformation inefficient. Large DNA molecules can be injected in host [...]
The following points highlight the top six examples of transgenic plants. The examples are: 1. "High Lysine" Corn 2. Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation 3. Herbicide-Tolerant Plants 4. Disease-Insect-Resistant Varieties 5. Male Sterility 6. Transgenic Plants as Bioreactors (Molecular Farming). Example # 1. "High Lysine" Corn: The proteins stored in plant seeds function as reserves of amino acids used during seed germination [...]