In this essay we will discuss about eugenics which deals with the application of the laws of genetics for the improvement of human race. The term eugenics (Gr. eugenes = well born) was coined by an English scientist Francis Galton in 1885. The science of eugenics can be defined as a science of well born, improving the inborn qualities of [...]
Restriction endonuclease enzymes occur naturally in bacteria as a chemical weapon against the invading viruses. They cut both strands of DNA when certain foreign nucleotides are introduced in the cell. Endonucleases break strands of DNA at internal positions in random manner. Types of Restriction Enzymes: 1. Restriction enzyme Type I: These enzymes interact with an unmodified recognition sequence in double-stranded [...]
Yeast episomal plasmids (YEps) are shuttle vectors. They can replicate in E. coli and also in yeast. The yeast episomal plasmids and has the following parts: 1. The 2 Micron (µm) Plasmid, 2. LEU2 Gene, and 3. The pBR 322. Part # 1. The 2 Micron (µm) Plasmid: This plasmid is found in several strains of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It [...]