Four major forces are usually listed for changing gene frequencies in populations, namely migration, mutation, selection and random genetic drift. These forces constitute the mechanisms underlying the evolutionary process. 1. Migration: Migration occurs when a large influx of people moves into another population and interbreeds with the latter. The phenomenon called gene flow takes place if one population contributes an [...]
In this article we will discuss about the role of Hardy-Weinberg Law in random mating of population. Hardy-Weinberg Law is applicable only when mating is random. When genotypes do not mate at random it is called nonrandom mating, that is, individuals with certain genotypes prefer to mate with individuals of certain other genotypes. Consider for example the case of albinos [...]
Recombinant DNA has opened new avenues for the study of gene function. The function of a cloned gene can be investigated by introducing the cloned DNA into eukaryotic cells. In simple eukaryotes such as yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, molecular clones of various mutants have been prepared for genetic analysis. Like bacteria, yeasts offer advantages in having a small genome of about [...]