Four major forces are usually listed for changing gene frequencies in populations, namely migration, mutation, selection and random genetic drift. These forces constitute the mechanisms underlying the evolutionary process. 1. Migration: Migration occurs when a large influx of people moves into another population and interbreeds with the latter. The phenomenon called gene flow takes place if one population contributes an [...]
In this article we will discuss about the definition and strategies of genetic engineering. Definition of Genetic Engineering: The deliberate modification in genetic material of an organism by changing the nucleic acid directly is called genetic engineering. Genetic engineering holds the potential to extend the range and power of every aspect of biotechnology. The techniques will be used widely to [...]
The following points highlight the five main enzymes involved in genetic engineering. The enzymes are: 1. Restriction Endonuclease 2. DNA Ligase 3. Alkaline Phosphatase 4. DNA Polymerase and the Klenow Fragment 5. Reverse Transcriptase. Genetic engineering became possible with the discovery of mainly two types of enzymes: the cutting enzymes called restriction endonucleases and the joining enzymes called ligases. Restriction [...]