In this article we will discuss about the artificial synthesis of gene. For the first time in 1955, Michelson chemically synthesized a dinucleotide in laboratory. Later on in 1970, Har Govind Khorana and K.L. Agarwal for the first time chemically synthesized gene coding for tyrosine tRNA of yeast. For the synthesis of tRNA and rRNA there are specific genes. However, [...]
Some procedures applied for gene cloning in eukaryotes are described in this context: 1. Transformation of Filamentous Fungi 2. Gene Transfer through Ti-plasmid of Agrobacterium 3. Gene Transfer through Gene Gun 4. Gene Bank or Genomic Library. 1. Transformation of Filamentous Fungi: Like bacteria, transformation of filamentous fungi has also been demonstrated. Hinnen (1978) first described transformation of protoplasts of [...]
In this article we will discuss about the organisation of immunoglobulin genes with special reference to multi-gene organisation. It has become clear that the B-lymphocytes of the immune system produce antibodies in the presence of antigen. The antibodies are formed from the assembly of some protein chains. In mammals, enormous amount of antibodies are produced. For this, there must be [...]