Microbial production of one of the organic feed stocks from plant substances such as molasses is presently used for ethanol production. This alcohol was produced by fermentation in the early days but for many years by chemical means through the catalytic hydration of ethylene. In modem era, attention has been paid to the production of ethanol for chemical and fuel [...]
The following points highlight the five main steps involved in developing producer strains. The steps are: 1. Isolation of Industrial Microorganisms 2. Screening for New Products 3. Identification of Metabolites 4. Maintenance of Microbial Isolates 5. Strain Improvement. Step # 1. Isolation of Industrial Microorganisms: The first step in developing producer strains is the isolation of concerned microorganisms from their [...]
The following points highlight the four main types of industrial fermentations processes. The types are: 1. Solid State 2. Anaerobic 3. Aerobic 4. Immobilized Cell Fermentations. Type # 1. Solid State Fermentation: In industrial fermentations, microbial growth and product formation occur at the surface of solid substrates. Examples of such fermentations are mushroom cultivation, mould-ripened cheeses, starter cultures etc. More [...]