In this article we will discuss about the physiology of cold stress on plants. Plants produce number of proteins in response to cold and freezing temperature. More than 54 cold-inducible genes have been identified using cDNA microarray technology. In the process of various stress inducible gene expression, nearly 10% of the drought inducible genes are also induced by cold-stress indicating [...]
In this article we will discuss about the organization of Ti Plasmid. Agrobacterium tumeifaciens harbours a large circular DNA known as Ti plasmid, which exists as an independent extra chromosomal entity of 200 kb size. The most spectacular regions of Ti plasmid are the presence of T (transfer) DNA and vir regions. Other components are origin of replication and regions [...]
The following points highlight the ten main physical methods of gene transfer. The methods are: 1. Biolystic or Particle Bombardment 2. Electroporation 3. Microinjection 4. Pollen Transformation 5. Liposome Mediated Transfer 6. Microlaser 7. Macro-Injection 8. Silicon Carbide Fiber (SCF) Mediated Transfer 9. Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) Mediated Transformation 10. Ultrasound Mediated Transfer. Method # 1. Biolystic or Particle Bombardment: [...]