The techniques used to study molecular biology of nucleic acids are:- 1. Gel electrophoresis 2. Use of restriction endonucleases 3. DNA hybridization 4. Hybridization probes 5. Isolation of specific segments of DNA 6. DNA cloning 7. Cloning DNA in plasmid vectors 8. Vector DNA can be introduced into host organisms by transformation 9. Libraries of DNA molecules can be created [...]
The twenty one outstanding features or characteristics of the carbohydrates are listed below: 1. Three major classes of carbohydrates are monosaccharide's, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 2. The simplest of carbohydrates are monosaccharide's from which disaccharides, olgosaccharides and polysaccharides are formed. 3. Monosaccharide's are colourless, crystalline solids which are freely soluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar solvents. 4. Two families of [...]
The carbohydrates are generally classified into three groups. They are: 1. Mono-Saccharides 2. Oligosaccharides (oligo = few) 3. Polysaccharides (poly = many). Type # 1. Mono-Saccharides: The mono-saccharides are known as simple sugars which possess free aldehyde ( CHO) or ketone (= CO) group and 2 or more hydroxyl (- OH) groups. Their general formula is Cn (H2O) or CnH2nOn. [...]