Here is a list of top three antibiotics:- 1. Penicillins 2. Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol 3. Streptomycin. 1. Penicillins: Penicillins, a group of several penicillin, differ from one another in the side chain attached to its amino group. Most of these penicillins are 6-aminopenicillanic acid derivatives and all have β-lactam ring which is responsible for the antibiotic activity (Fig. 20.16). Pencillin [...]
Some amino acids have been produced in Japan by bacterial fermentation since 1950. Their biosynthesis is now possible by genetically manipulating and physiologically altering the microorganism. Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium flavum are involved in the synthesis of L-lysine and L-threonine from a common intermediate, aspartic acid. The regulatory mutants of bacteria produce lysine in sufficient amount. Such bacteria eliminate the [...]
Microbial production of one of the organic feed stocks from plant substances such as molasses is presently used for ethanol production. This alcohol was produced by fermentation in the early days but for many years by chemical means through the catalytic hydration of ethylene. In modem era, attention has been paid to the production of ethanol for chemical and fuel [...]