There are two types of immune systems: 1. The Humoral Immune System 2. The Cell Mediated Immune System. 1. The Humoral Immune System: The humoral immune system involves the antibodies that get dissolved in extracellular fluid such as blood plasma, lymph and mucus secretion. These were formally known as humors. The humoral immunity is conferred through B-cells that develop from [...]
In this article we will discuss about the gene rearrangements in light and heavy chain DNAs. Rearranged k and λ genes of light chain contain gene segments in the order from 5' to 3' end- a short leader (L) gene segment, an intron (noncoding sequence), a joined VJ-gene segment, a second intron, and a C-gene segment (Fig. 22.18). The rearranged [...]
In this article we ill discus about the meaning and causes of autoimmunity. Meaning of Autoimmunity: In the beginning of 20th century, Paul Ehrlich, proposed the concept of 'horror auto-toxicus'. In such condition a 'normal' body does not mount an immune response against its own tissues. Thus, any autoimmune response perceived is abnormal which was supposed to be connected with [...]