Human blood can be classified into different blood group systems, e.g. ABO blood group, MN blood group and Rh blood group. All of these blood groups in man are under genetic control, each series of blood groups being under the control of genes at a single locus or of genes that are closely linked and behave in heredity as though [...]
In this article we will discuss about the basic structure and classes of immunoglobulin. Antibodies are the specific glycoproteins (Immunoglobulin) produced by cells in response to stimulation by an antigen (Immunogen) and capable of reacting specifically with that antigen. Every immunoglobulin (in short they are written as Ig) has the same basic structure made up of four polypeptide chains (two [...]
The mechanism of humoral immunity is accomplished after interaction of antigen with B-cells, antibody production and antigen-antibody binding. 1. Interaction of antigen with B-cells: The B-cells after production from the stem cells (Fig. 22.8) migrate to lymphoid organs. When antigen interacts and contacts the receptor, the later gets stimulated. The B-cells differentiate into antibody producing cells through three steps: activation, [...]