The mechanism of protein synthesis is complicated and requires the following molecules and organelles: 1. Amino Acids: Amino acids are the raw materials for the synthesis of proteins. All naturally occurring proteins are polymers of about 20 amino acids. These amino acids occur in the matrix forming the 'amino acid pool'. 2. DNA: The DNA of the nucleus, mitochondria or [...]
The structure of proteins can be altered by three types of mutations: 1. Point Mutations: Point mutations involve addition, deletion or replacement of base pair in a gene. 2. Chromosomal Mutations: Addition or deletion of DNA cause mutations during crossing over. 3. Jumping genes also cause change in protein structure by shuffling their location from one chromosome to another. The [...]
The mechanism of protein synthesis has been studied thoroughly in E.coli. The process of protein synthesis on 70S ribosomes is described in detail below. The summary of the various steps in the mechanism of protein synthesis is shown in (Fig. 13). Step 1 — Transcription: One strand of DNA molecule functions as a template for the formation of mRNA. This [...]