The structure of proteins can be altered by three types of mutations: 1. Point Mutations: Point mutations involve addition, deletion or replacement of base pair in a gene. 2. Chromosomal Mutations: Addition or deletion of DNA cause mutations during crossing over. 3. Jumping genes also cause change in protein structure by shuffling their location from one chromosome to another. The [...]
The mechanism of protein synthesis has been studied thoroughly in E.coli. The process of protein synthesis on 70S ribosomes is described in detail below. The summary of the various steps in the mechanism of protein synthesis is shown in (Fig. 13). Step 1 — Transcription: One strand of DNA molecule functions as a template for the formation of mRNA. This [...]
In this article we will discuss about the discovery and special features of genetic code. Once the role of DNA as a hereditary material was established, it was clear that DNA contained the information for the formation of protein molecules or polypeptides. The sequence of purines and pyrimidines bases along the DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in [...]