In this article we will discuss about the process of androgenesis, explained with the help of suitable diagrams. A. In Vitro Pathways of Androgenesis: The anther or pollen normally starts undergoing in the pathway of androgenesis within 2 weeks and it takes about 5-8 weeks to obtain complete plantlets. Haploid plants are formed in two ways: (i) Direct Androgenesis: Embryos [...]
The following points highlight the five main enzymes involved in genetic engineering. The enzymes are: 1. Restriction Endonuclease 2. DNA Ligase 3. Alkaline Phosphatase 4. DNA Polymerase and the Klenow Fragment 5. Reverse Transcriptase. Genetic engineering became possible with the discovery of mainly two types of enzymes: the cutting enzymes called restriction endonucleases and the joining enzymes called ligases. Restriction [...]
In this article we will discuss about vectors used in genetic engineering. Cloning Vector: By cloning, one can produce unlimited amounts of any particular fragment of DNA. In principle, the DNA isolated and cut pieces are introduced into a suitable host cell, usually a bacterium such as Escherichia coli, where it is replicated, as the cell grows and divides. However, [...]