In this article we will discuss about the active and passive type of acquired immunity. Type # 1. Active Immunity: Adaptive immunity that is induced by natural exposure to a pathogen or by vaccination. It can be categorized into two types: Naturally acquired active immunity: Active immunity is acquired through continuing, subclinical infections, caused by bacteria and viruses, which largely [...]
Several types of hypersensitive reactions can be identified, reflecting differences in the effector molecules generated in the course of the reaction. Gell and Coomb described four types of hypersensitivity reactions (Types I, II, III and IV). The first three types are antibody-mediated and the fourth type is mediated mainly by T-cell and macro-phases i.e. cell-mediated (Table 11.1 and 11.2; Fig. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the structure of cytokines with its suitable diagram. 1. Cytokines are proteins or glycoproteins which normally have a molecular mass of less than 30 KDa. 2. Structural predictions suggest that cytokines belong to haematopoietins, included in the haematopoietin family of interleukins (2-7, 9, 11-13 and 15) GM-CSF, G-GSF, leukomia- inhibitory factor (LIF) and [...]