Inter-molecular forces of non-covalent bond between antigen and antibody is divided into four basic types: Type # 1. Electrostatic Interaction: The force between oppositely charged ionic groups on the two protein side chains is known as electrostatic forces (Fig. 5.2a). The force of attraction (F) is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (d) between the charges. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the attributes of acquired immunity. Acquired immunity or Adaptive immune response reflects the presence of a functional immune system that is capable of specifically recognizing and selectively eliminating foreign microorganisms and molecules. Unlike innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses are not the same in all the members of a species, but are specific [...]
The following points highlight the four main components of innate immunity. The components are: 1. Physical and Chemical or Anatomical Barriers 2. Phagocytic Barriers 3. Blood Proteins 4. Cytokines. Component # 1. Physical and Chemical or Anatomical Barriers: Physical and Chemical or Anatomical barriers that tend to prevent the entry of pathogens are an organism's first line of defense against [...]