In this article we will discuss about the characteristics of epitopes. 1. An antibody that is specific for an antigen binds non-covalently to a region of the molecule surface known as epitope. 2. Naturally occurring epitopes are relatively small (either amino-acids or sugar residues). 3. Specific epitope should fit with the specific site present on antibody (antibody-binding site). 4. The [...]
Inter-molecular forces of non-covalent bond between antigen and antibody is divided into four basic types: Type # 1. Electrostatic Interaction: The force between oppositely charged ionic groups on the two protein side chains is known as electrostatic forces (Fig. 5.2a). The force of attraction (F) is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (d) between the charges. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the attributes of acquired immunity. Acquired immunity or Adaptive immune response reflects the presence of a functional immune system that is capable of specifically recognizing and selectively eliminating foreign microorganisms and molecules. Unlike innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses are not the same in all the members of a species, but are specific [...]