In this article we will discuss about the classification of immunoglobulin. 1. Isotypes: Based on the structure and sequence of their heavy-chain, constant regions, immunoglobulins are divided into five major groups called as classes which are again further subdivided into subclasses. In human, for example, there are five classes of immunoglobulins (commonly called GADME) viz., IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM [...]
The following points highlight the two main types of organs present in immune system of humans. The types are: 1. Primary Lymphoid Organs 2. Secondary Lymphoid Organs. Type # 1. Primary Lymphoid Organs: Primary lymphoid organs (PLO) are the major sites of lymphocyte development i.e. lymphopoiesis. Lymphocytes differentiate from lymphoid stem cells, proliferate and mature into functional cells called immuno-competent [...]
In this article we will discuss about the features of adaptive immune responses. 1. Specificity: It ensures that distinct microbes elicit specific responses. It exists because individual lymphocyte expresses membrane receptors that are able to distinguish subtle differences in structure between different antigens. 2. Diversity: It enables immune system to respond to a large variety of microbes. The total no. [...]