In this article we will discuss about the discovery and special features of genetic code. Once the role of DNA as a hereditary material was established, it was clear that DNA contained the information for the formation of protein molecules or polypeptides. The sequence of purines and pyrimidines bases along the DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in [...]
The mechanism of protein synthesis has been studied thoroughly in E.coli. The process of protein synthesis on 70S ribosomes is described in detail below. The summary of the various steps in the mechanism of protein synthesis is shown in (Fig. 13). Step 1 — Transcription: One strand of DNA molecule functions as a template for the formation of mRNA. This [...]
In this article we will discuss about the interrelation between phenotype and genotype. Genotype is the genetic makeup of the individual. It is decided by the genes, which are inherited from the parents. Phenotype is what is expressed. Genes as well as environment, both are responsible for the phenotype. This can be understood by the following example. If we have [...]