In this article we will discuss about the concept, steps and applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Concept of PCR: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a simple and ingenious method for exponentially amplification of specific DNA sequences by in vitro DNA synthesis. This technique was developed by Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation between 1983 and 1985. This technique has [...]
The tRNA, mRNA and rRNA are involved in the process of transcription. However, an enzyme transcriptase i.e. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is required for the synthesis of RNA by using ribonucleotide triphosphates i.e ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP. Structure and function of RNA polymerase are described herewith. 1. RNA Polymerase: On a DNA template elongation of RNA chain at each step [...]
In this article we will discuss about the processing of rRNA in prokaryotes (e.g. E. coli) and eukaryotes (e.g. mammals). In prokaryotes (e.g. E. coli) there are seven operons for rRNA. These are dispersed throughout the genome. Each operon consists of one copy of each of the 5S, 16S and 23S rRNA sequences. Coding sequences for tRNA molecules are present [...]