This article provides a close look on metabolic engineering of carbohydrates. An outline of the biosynthetic pathways for the production of different carbohydrates is given in Fig 51.1. As is evident, the important carbohydrates are synthesized and stored in different cellular compartments. i. Starch and its derivatives are synthesized in the plastids. ii. Sugars and sugar derivatives are produced in [...]
This article throws light upon the two methods used for gene transfer in plants. The two methods are: (1) Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer and (2) Direct or Vector-less DNA Transfer. Gene Transfer Methods: The gene transfer techniques in plant genetic transformation are broadly grouped into two categories: I. Vector-mediated gene transfer II. Direct or vector less DNA transfer The salient features [...]
Chloroplast Transformation in Plants! The chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria are believed to have evolved from prokaryotes during the course of evolution. Both these organelles have their own genome, although it is much simpler when compared to nuclear genome. Further, many of the proteins that function in chloroplasts and mitochondria are encoded by nuclear genes- and then transported to the organelle. [...]