DNA fingerprinting is based on sequence polymorphisms, slight sequence differences (usually single base-pair changes) between individuals, 1 bp in every 1,000 bp, on average. Each difference from the prototype human genome, sequence (the first one obtained) occurs in some fraction of the human population; every individual has some differences. Some of the sequence changes affect recognition sites for restriction enzymes, [...]
Read this article to learn about the restriction mapping of DNA which involves the size analysis of restriction fragments and also learn about nucleotide sequencing of DNA for which two techniques have been developed: (1) based on enzymatic method called Sanger sequencing and (2) based on chemical method called Maxam and Gilbert sequencing. Restriction Mapping of DNA Fragments: This involves [...]
This article clarifies the difference between DNA and RNA. RNA is very similar to DNA, but differs in a few important structural details: RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugars while DNA contains de-oxy-ribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom) and RNA uses predominantly uracil instead of thymine present in DNA. RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is usually [...]