In addition to organization of DNA in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, in eukaryotes the DNA helix is highly organised into the well-defined DNA-protein complex termed as nucleosomes. Among the proteins the most prominent are the histones. The histones are small and basic proteins rich in amino acids such as lysine and/or arginine. Almost in all eukaryotic cells there are five [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Recombinant DNA 2. History of Recombinant DNA 3. Milestones. Definition of Recombinant DNA: For centuries humans have been altering the genetic makeup of organisms by selective breeding of plant and animals. The deliberate modification in genetic material of an organism by changing the nucleic acid directly is called genetic engineering [...]
In this article we will discuss about the definition and mechanisms of DNA repair. Definition of DNA Repair: One of the main objectives of biological system is to maintain base sequences of DNA from one generation to the other. Changes in DNA sequence arise during replication of DNA damage by chemical mutagens and radiation. During replication if incorrect nucleotides have [...]