Another method used by cells to regulate metabolism is by altering the types and numbers of enzymes that are manufactured through the integrated actions of the cell's genetic and protein synthesizing apparatuses. This mechanism is also referred to as controlled gene expression. The primary structures of all cellular enzymes are encoded in the cell's DNA or genes. To produce these [...]
1. Alternate Pathways tor Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation: An excellent example of allosteric enzyme regulation of metabolic processes is provided by the interrelationship in animals between the metabolic pathways that result in: (1) The synthesis of glycogen from glucose and (2) The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. Nearly all of the energy-consuming processes in the body proceed at [...]
As might be expected, the regulation of enzyme production in eukaryotic cells is much more complex than in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a number of chromosomes instead of the single chromosome found in prokaryotes. Moreover, eukaryotic cell chromosomes are diploid and at times polyploid. The DNA of the chromosomes is usually supercoiled and highly folded and the chromosomes themselves [...]