The following points highlight the five issues that are related to biotechnology. The issues are: 1. Dolly Sheep 2. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency 3. Bioreactor/Fermenter 4. Bioethics 5. Biopatent. Issue # 1. Dolly Sheep: Dolly (July 5, 1996V February 14, 2003), an ewe, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell. She was cloned at the [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of PCR 2. Steps of PCR 3. Applications of PCR. Meaning of PCR: In genetic engineering, requirement of desirable amount of target DNA is indispensable to study genetic structure, function and gene manipulation. It is novel cell free techniques to obtain innumerable number of copies. This direct enzymatic amplification process is [...]
Several possible mechanisms are responsible for the origin of somaclonal variation. Number of processes can operate simultaneously in one culture. The mechanisms are: 1. Karyotypic Change 2. Chromosomal Rearrangement 3. Nucleotide Pool Imbalance 4. Cryptic Transposable Elements 5. Gene Amplification 6. Somatic Gene Rearrangement 7. Somatic Crossing Over. Mechanism # 1. Karyotypic Change: Several plants alter their chromosome number in [...]