Section cutting, staining, mounting of sections are part of biological experiments and investigations. Advanced studies in life sciences at cellular & molecular level require exposure to techniques like autoradiography, cell fractionation, tissue culture etc. 1. Cytochemical & Histological methods: A specific part of the organism under study is differentiated from other parts by cutting their sections, staining them with a [...]
The process of polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide is known as translation, see colored image 4.8. The sequence of bases in the mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino acids. The amino acids are joined by a bond which is known as a peptide bond. Formation of a peptide bond requires energy. Therefore, in the first [...]
Some of the methods used to repair inappropriate damaged bases are as follows: (a) Direct Reversal of Base Damage (b) Excision Repair. (a) Direct Reversal of Base Damage: Spontaneous addition of a methyl group (CH3-) (an example of alkylation) to Cs followed by domination to a T is the most frequent cause of point mutations in humans. Fortunately, most of [...]