In the study of physiology and biochemistry, cells are often thought of as tiny machines in which all events may be explained in terms of either chemical reactions, fluid dynamics, electrical fluxes across partitions, or the absorption or emission of light. In other words, cellular activities, regardless of their level of complexity, are ultimately founded on the known laws of [...]
Thermodynamics is the study of energy changes, that is, the conversion of energy from one form into another. Such changes obey the first two laws of thermodynamics. The First Law of Thermodynamics: The first law is concerned with the conversion of energy within a "system," where a system is defined as a body (e.g., a cell or an organism) and [...]
Some of the most important types of microscopes that used in biology are as follows: 1. Simple microscope 2. Compound microscope 3. Electron microscopes 4. Phase-Contrast microscope 5. Interference microscope. The simple dissection microscope to advanced electron microscopes finds application in studies of living organisms. Microscope as the name suggests are instruments that help to enlarge minute (micro = very [...]