The following points highlight the eight modes of transmission of plant viruses. The modes are: 1. Mechanical Transmission 2. Vegetative and Graft Transmission 3. Pollen Transmission 4. Seed Transmission 5. Nematode Transmission 6. Fungal Transmission 7. Insect Vector Transmission 8. Dodder Transmission. Mode # 1. Mechanical Transmission: In nature plant viruses are mechanically transmitted from diseased to healthy plants by [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Origin of Viroid 2. Meaning of Viroids 3. Viroid Genome 4. Replication. Origin of Viroid: So far no sufficient information is available that can lend support for the origin of viroids. Following are some of the speculations regarding the origin of viroids: (a) Viroids are supposed to be the primitive viruses and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the replication of reoviruses. The virus can enter the host cell via a receptor on the cell surface. The receptor is not known but is thought to include sialic acid (haeinagglutination, broad cell tropism), and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). Virus particles are internalized and partially uncoated by proteases in the endo-lysosomes/lysosomes in the [...]