The synthesis of proteins is directed by DNA or genetic RNA, where DNA is absent. The basic information for the polypeptide structure is stored in the polynucleotide chain. The base sequence in the codon determines the amino acids sequence in a particular polynucleotide. In general, there are three views regarding the flow of genetic information and these are one-way, circular [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Subject-Matter of Genetic Code 2. Degeneracy of Genetic Code 3. Universality of the Genetic Code. Subject-Matter of Genetic Code: The information stored in DNA is in the form of code. DNA contains 4 bases, A, T, G and C, whereas, proteins are made of 20 different amino acids. Therefore, the genetic code [...]
The following points highlight the three main steps involved in mechanism of protein synthesis. The steps are: 1. Initiation of Protein Synthesis 2. Elongation of Polypeptide 3. Termination of Protein Synthesis. Mechanism of Protein Synthesis: Step # 1. Initiation of Protein Synthesis: (i) Amino Acid Activation: The amino acid (AA) is activated by the enzyme "aminoacylsynthetase", and energy is provided [...]