The synthesis of proteins is directed by DNA or genetic RNA, where DNA is absent. The basic information for the polypeptide structure is stored in the polynucleotide chain. The base sequence in the codon determines the amino acids sequence in a particular polynucleotide. In general, there are three views regarding the flow of genetic information and these are one-way, circular [...]
In this article we will discuss about the synthesis and degradation of amino acids. When a protein is hydrolyzed as many as 20 amino acids of different kinds are produced. These are protein amino acids. In addition non-protein amino acids are also present but they do not form structural components of proteins. The details of chemical name, molecular weight and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the translation of amino acid to tRNA in cytoplasm. (i) Activation of Amino acids: Amino acids must be necessarily activated before their involvement in peptide synthesis (Fig. 4-10). The process is accomplished by the binding of an amino acid to ATP enzymatically and its consequent transference to tRNA. (ii) Transfer of amino acid [...]