In this article we will discuss about the signalling mechanisms, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 1. Eukaryotic Cell-to-Cell Signaling: The integrative nature of biological systems could be understood after the pioneering work of Claude Bernard (1813-1878) of France. He gave the concept of the miliew interieur and suggested the system of ductless gland (i.e. endocrine glands) for integrating function and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the types and characteristics of phycomycoses. The phycomycoses have several synonyms such as mucormycoses, entomophthoromycoses, oomycoses, etc. The phycomycoses are caused by such fungi that had been previously grouped in the class Phycomycetes. Recently, the fungi classified under Phycomycetes have been put under two sub-divisions Mastigomycotina (with two classes Oomycetes and Chytridiomycetes) and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the mechanisms of innate immunity in bacterial infection. Bacteria-Host Interactions at Body Surfaces: The totality of mechanisms constitutes our immunity to infection. Infection is caused rarely due to multifunctional systems of innate immunity. It is divided into those systems which (a) act at body surfaces (epithelium or submucosa), and (b) those which are [...]