The following points highlight the five main enzymes that are to be used in DNA. The enzymes are: 1. Phosphatases 2. Taq Polymerase 3. Nucleases 4. Reverse Transcriptase 5. DNA Ligating Enzyme. Enzyme # 1. Phosphatases: Phosphatases (Alkaline) are glycoproteins with two identical subunits that hydrolytically remove phosphate groups from DNA molecule. Alkaline phosphatases are used to reduce unfeasible ligation [...]
In this article we will discuss about the biosynthesis of various types of nucleotides:- 1. Pyrimidine Nucleotides 2. Purine Nucleotides. 1. Pyrimidine Nucleotides: Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides begins with condensation of a carbamyl residue of carbamyl phosphate with aspartic acid to produce carbamyl aspartate and inorganic phosphate. Carbamyl aspartate is dehydrated and cyclized to dihydro-orotic acid which is next dehydrogenated [...]
In this article we will discuss about the meaning and functions of Nucleotides. Meaning of Nucleotides: Nucleotides are basic units of nucleic acids. They also form energy carriers. Certain nucleotides act as coenzymes. Some nucleotides function as chemical messengers. A nucleotide is a condensation product of three chemicals— a pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and a nitrogen base. Two types of [...]