In this article we will discuss about the improvement of microbial strains for better production of products. 1. Methods of Strain Improvement: A mutant requiring oleic acid for neomycin formation by Streptomyces fradiae showed a decrease in the intracellular level of neomycin precursors in the mutant. On the other hand supersensitive mutants of β-lactam antibiotics are another example. Recent approaches [...]
The following points highlight the major effects of adhesion on bacteria. The effects are: 1. Effect on Bacterial Growth 2. Production of Siderophores 3. Structures Involved in Adhesion of Host Cells. 1. Effect on Bacterial Growth: Growth of uropathogenic strain of E. coli is inhibited after adhesion to uroepithelial cells of human. This effect was adhesion-dependent. It may be demonstrated [...]
Based on activity, toxins are divided into three types: type I (that act the cell membrane), type II (that attack the cell membrane), and type III (that penetrate the membrane to act inside the cell). 1. Membrane Transducing Toxins: These type of toxins are type I toxins which damage host cells by subtle means through inappropriate activation of cellular receptors. [...]