TH cells play a central role in the immune response. These cells are specially prolific cytokine producers. Once activated by an antigen, they can use these chemical messengers to induce the formation of TC cells, activate macrophages and formation of many antibodies by B-cells. Functions of TH cell are as follows in the next page (Fig. 10.4): 1. An APC [...]
In this article we will discuss about the active and passive immunity of cell-mediated. 1. Active Immunity: On the basis of immunity acquired, active immunity may be natural or artificial. i. Natural active immunity: It results from either a clinical or an in-apparent subclinical infection by a microbe after repeated exposure to small doses of the infecting organism, which passes [...]
In this article we will discuss about the classical and alternative pathways of complement system. 1. The Classical Pathway of Complement: The classical pathway of complement is initiated by the interaction of antibody with antigen directly (soluble antigen-antibody complexes or immune complexes). The gradual progress of classical pathway can be mediated by these successive stages called: (i) Activation of C1 [...]