In this article we will discuss about the effect and examples of adjuvants. Adjuvants (from Latin adjuvare, to help) are substances that, when mixed with an antigen and injected with it, enhance the immunogenicity of that antigen. Adjuvants are often used to boost the immune response when an antigen has low immunogenicity or when only small amounts of an antigen [...]
There are five major immunoglobulin (Ig) classes namely: 1. IgG 2. IgA 3. IgD 4. IgM 5. IgE. Class # 1. IgG: (a) It constitutes 75% of the total serum immunoglobulin in human. (b) During the secondary immune response, it is the major Ig to be synthesized. Hence, it plays a vital role in the defense against infection. (c) It [...]
The very basic structure of an immunoglobulin (antibody) molecule can be demonstrated under following points: Polypeptide chains: Antibody molecules have a common structure of four polypeptide chains, having two different sizes. These are a pair of identical high molecular weight chains called Heavy chains (H-chains) and a pair of identical low molecular weight chains called Light chains (L-chains). Each light [...]