In this article we will discuss about the pressure and volume changes in the human heart and blood vessels with the help of suitable diagram. 1. Pressure Changes in the Human Heart and Blood Vessels: In Animals—Optical Method of Wiggers: A vertical glass tube filled with an anticoagulant solution is used as a cannula. One end of it is introduced [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Cardiac Output 2. Normal Values of Cardiac Output 3. Distribution 4. Control 5. Methods of Measuring 6. Factors Influencing. Introduction to Cardiac Output: At each beat certain amount of blood is pumped out by each ventricle into the circulation. This is called cardiac output. Two terms are used: 1. Stroke [...]
Introduction to Heart Sound: There are two classical sounds of heart in humans, known as the first and the second sounds (Fig. 7.56). They can be easily detected with a Stethoscope. Two other sounds have also been described - the third and the fourth - which, though diffiÂcult to detect clinically, are constantly found in graphic records. The first and [...]