In this essay we will discuss about the Hardy-Weinberg law of population genetics. The formula (p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 is expressing the genotypic expectations of progeny in terms of gametic or allelic frequencies of the parental gene pool and is originally formulated by a British mathematician Hardy and a German physician Weinberg (1908) independently. Both [...]
In this essay we will discuss about the examples that illustrates the cases of extra-nuclear inheritance in eukaryotes. Essay # 1. Maternal Inheritance: In certain cases, it has been observed that certain characteristic phenotypic traits of F1, F2 or F3 progeny are not the expression of their own genes, but rather those of the maternal parents. Such phenotypic expressions of [...]
Antibodies secreted by plasma cells may have several different effects - (1) They may interact with free (i.e., soluble) antigens causing precipitation; (2) They may interact with surface antigens of the pathogen (i.e., particulate antigens) causing agglutination; or (3) They may promote complement fixation. 1. Precipitation of Soluble Antigens: Antigens may have one or more antigenic determinants. If antigens contain [...]