The eyes of insects and the eyes of vertebrates were, until the early 1990s, considered to be a standard example of "analogous" structures. They perform the same function but have utterly different internal structures, suggesting that they evolved independently from a common ancestor that lacked eyes. Then the laboratory of Walter Gehring in Switzerland began to research genes that are [...]
In this essay we will discuss about the molecular structure of Immunoglobulin in human body. The human body is capable of synthesising more than a million different kinds of immunoglobulin molecules, each capable of reacting with a different antigen, but all of them appear to share the same fundamental quaternary (globular) structure. Typically, an immunoglobulin molecule is a Y-shaped heteromer [...]
In this article we will discuss about the major histocompatibility in human body and its classes. B and T cells contain membrane receptors that react with specific antigenic determinants. B cells are activated by interaction with the antigen either in its dissolved form or while it is still a part of the surface of the pathogen. In contrast, the T [...]