In the early decades of the twentieth century T.H. Morgan and his associates A.H. Sturtevant, H.J. Muller, C.B. Bridges and a few others at Columbia University, New York were actively engaged in studies on Chromosome Theory of Heredity with a very suitable material Drosophila. From their studies on mutants in Drosophila they could assign several genes to chromosomes. For their [...]
In this article we will discuss about the meaning of mitochondria. Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles containing their own DNA and some enzymes that catalyse the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are not autonomous bodies because they require their own genes and nuclear genes to function normally. The role of mitochondria in cytoplasmic inheritance was first understood when Ephrussi and his [...]
For determining chi-square or goodness of fit, the size of the population must be considered. Suppose in one cross of tall and dwarf plants, out of the 100 plants of F2, 70 are tall and 30 dwarf instead of 75 and 25 as expected from a 3: 1 ratio. Obviously there is a deviation of 5 from the normal. In [...]