Industrial fermentation processes require two most important stages to complete product fermentation. These are up-stream process and down-stream process, which are abbreviated as USP and DSP respectively. Stage # 1. Up-Stream Process: This process comprises of obtaining a desired microorganism, and its improvement so as to enhance the productivity and yield. It also includes the maintenance of strain purity, preparation [...]
The following points highlight the three methods for culture maintenance which seems to be generally used in the fermentation industries: 1. Preservation of Culture by Drying 2. Maintenance of Cultures by Storage with Limited Metabolic Activity 3. Preservation by Lyophilization. Method # 1. Preservation of Culture by Drying: These are different methods of drying of cultures given below: (a) Dried [...]
Microbial production of one of the organic feed stocks from plant substances such as molasses is presently used for ethanol production. This alcohol was produced by fermentation in the early days but for many years by chemical means through the catalytic hydration of ethylene. In modem era, attention has been paid to the production of ethanol for chemical and fuel [...]