This article throws light upon the three main stresses adaptation in plants and animals. The stresses are: 1. Stress Adaptation in Plants 2. Genetic Response to Environmental Stress 3. Stress Adaptation in Animals. Stress # 1. Stress Adaptation in Plants: "Stress" is an external factor that exerts a disadvantageous influence on the biota (plants, animals or microbes). The stress influence [...]
After reading this article you will learn about the bio-monitoring of aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem. Bio-Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystem: Among the different ecosystems, the water bodies constitute the major types of living environment, as over seventy per cent of the planetary ecosystem is located in different types of water bodes viz. inland water ecosystems, oceanic system and estuarine ecosystems. [...]
This article throws light upon the nine criteria's to be considered for evaluating biomarkers. The criteria's are: 1. Biological Specificity 2. Clarity of Interpretation 3. Time of Responses 4. Permanence of Response 5. Reliability 6. Methodological Considerations 7. Relative Sensitivity 8. Validation in the Field 9. Linkage to Higher Level Effects. Criteria # 1. Biological Specificity: It important to know [...]