Decomposers are the final step in the food chain and they reduce the organic matter into inorganic forms so that it is once again available to the producers. The upper layer of soil is the main site for the action of decomposers. In this way, decomposers provide energy and nutrients to the producers. The upper layer of soil consists of [...]
Different populations interact with each other for the sake of food, shelter and for defense purposes. Interspecific interaction arise from the interaction between populations of two different species. These interactions may be positive, negative or neutral in nature to one of the species or both. The different interactions are summarised in Table 1. Type # 1. Positive Interaction: Mutualism and [...]
The rate of biomass production or the amount of food energy produced or obtained or stored by a particular trophic level per unit area in a unit time is called productivity. It can also be defined as the energy accumulated in plants by photosynthesis. The unit of productivity is gm/m2/year or kcal/m2/year. According to Odum there are three types of [...]