The below mentioned article provides a study note on bacterial genomes. Bacteria are very small unicellular organisms that do not contain nuclear envelope, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, mitotic apparatus and nucleolus etc., and divide by fission. Bacteria have a rigid cell wall which surrounds their cytoplasmic membrane. Their cytoplasm contains ribosomes. mesosomes and several granular inclusions. About 1/5 of the cell [...]
The following points highlight the two main ways of representing chromosome set of species. The ways are: 1. Karyogram 2. Idiogram or Idiotype. Representing Chromosome: Way # 1. Karyogram: Photomicrographs of the chromosomes of a single representative somatic metaphase cell are clipped out and arranged in homologous pairs according to their size. If the chromosomes are small and there is [...]
The following points highlight the four main types of permanently specialized chromosomes. The types are: 1. Nucleolar Chromosomes 2. Sex Chromosomes 3. B Chromosomes 4. Chromosomes with Diffuse or Multiple Centromeric Regions. Permanently Specialized Chromosomes: Type # 1. Nucleolar Chromosomes: The chromosome forming the nucleolus (plural = nucleoli) is called the nucleolar chromosome. Normally one or more chromosomes in the [...]